The Ditto Machine



A spirit duplicator (also referred to as a Ditto machine ) was a low-volume printing method used mainly by schools and churches. The term "spirit duplicator" comes from the alternative term for alcohols, which is "spirits." Alcohols were a major component of the solvents used as "inks" in these machines. The spirit duplicator was invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld. The best-known manufacturer in the United States was Ditto Corporation of Illinois, hence that name.
A ditto machine used a solvent like methylated spirits or ammonia to transfer ink from the master copy (the template, if you will) onto other pieces of paper.


The master copy was a smooth, waxy piece of paper which was thickly inked when printed. The procedure for printing on a master was like the reverse of a carbon-copy; instead of writing on the normal paper and having the carbon underneath, the text and pictures were printed onto carbon paper of varying colours to transfer print to the master. If you want to know exactly how thickly a master was inked, put your printer on the best quality and print about two or three passes onto the same sheet of paper (so that you are printing over the previous printing, I mean).

The master was then wrapped around a drum, and the solvent was applied as the drum rotated. The solvent either softened or melted the ink so that just enough of it would stick to the blank sheets of paper. A lot of the copies produced in this way came out with purple ink because purple “provided the best contrast” As you can see in the following photo Ditto copies were far from easy to read.

Both the isopropanol and the methanol found in ditto solvents are toxic substances. These chemicals can cause a host of medical problems when humans are improperly exposed. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) guidelines recommend the use of personal protective equipment during exposure to methanol, however, most chemists work with methanol and isopropanol wearing only medical exam grade gloves, goggles and a working fume hood as the chief, no-ingested or inhaled reaction with methanol is limited skin irritation.

Ditto machines were popular in schools and churches as no electricity was needed to make quick stinky copies. Nothing smells quite like a fresh slightly wet Ditto copy.

They have gone the way of the typewriter and the dictaphone.
They Always Come Back:
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187 comments:

Luke said...

Ah, the ditto machine. THe school I used to work at had the machines in a tiny, unventilated room. It was bad enough when you ran dittos on regular paper, but when you had to ditto on thick, hyperabsorbent construction paper- that's when the fun would start. I'm sure a good chunk of my brain has been killed by those fumes.

Then they tried to make them safer by switching to a water-based solvent. It made fewer fumes, but took forever to dry.

You know who still uses ditto machines? Low rent tattoo parlors. YOu bring in or choose a design, and they run it through the Thermofax to make a ditto master. Then they rub deodorant on the spot where you want the tattoo, and press the ditto to your skin.

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I love the smell of Ditto in the morning! Smells like... grammar school.

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makes me think of math tests and helping Mom on "TAP" days

Anonymous said...

If someone could help me by telling me how to make a portable one, a ditto house use. We want to donate one to a town where they don't have electricity neither material for a rural school in lima, peru. Thanks a lot.
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Silent 3 said...

In grade school we used to get handouts made with the ditto machine. If they were freshly run copies, most of us kids would gleefully put the sheet to our face and inhale deeply...

jayesjay said...

Around 1970, in my experience, German restaurants typically had a menu folder with a "pocket" holding the day's menu in blue, which must have copied using a spirit duplicator. I don't think they would have had a duplicator machine - is there a static "pad" version?

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Here is a link for a company that sells the liquid and paper Dont know if its still running.

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Phil said...

In reply to the comment about menus in German restaurants, many small cafes used a tissue thin blue paper with a heavy white wax coating. You could stack up to 10 or 12 pages, then type on the top sheet, The wax would transfer from the top of the tissue sheet, to the back of the tissue above it in the stack, exposing a blue image on the lower sheet. A sort of "negative" carbon paper, but cleaner because you were transferring white wax from one surface to another.

There is also self-copying paper which works like NCR paper, but does not require matching top and bottom coated sheets. It is often used in duplicate check books. Write on the check, and a matching image appears on the underlying paper. It is still available, but somewhat expensive, around $30 per ream.

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I got hit by a Car in 1959 in front of the Ditto Corperation in Chicago..Move foward 10 years..Drove by the Ditto Corperation for (2) Two years..I worked at a Mobil Station up the road..One day my boss told me to apply for a job at Ditto..I was hired immediately. .Assembler on the 3518 Copier Station #2..Never had a job where I was locked in at a location and provide repeat the same movements all day long...Hated the Job..Thankfully, Reduced number of copiers dropped. .Sent to the Stockroom a as a "Order Filler''..Worked my way up the corporate ladder to s Management Position..Worked the Ditto Line usually (2) Two hours per night packing finis he'd Ditto Machine's. .I know every part number on the various selection of Ditto Machine's...Owned by Bell & Howell..a Super Company to work and given the opportunity to move up the ranks..We also produced DIAZO Blueprint Duplication Machines..Able to make copies of those large Blueprints..Micro Film Readers and Printers..Magna craft Machines..likewise Micro-Feach Units..
Spent 10 years on the Job..every day was a blessing..Lost contact with the people..Able to talk to my Top Tier Boss Mr. Howard Remus..a few months ago.He's now 85 years old but sound as a dollar...Going to visit us up in Wisconsin. .Send him home with Cheese, Brats, Beer..If you remember me..E-Mail me..
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One thing should be clarified. In the main article, it said the the spirit fluid was applied to the purple ink on the master. Wrong! The spirit fluid is applied very lightly to the paper on which the copy is to be made, just enough to barely moisten the copy paper. Then, as the copy paper is drawn through the machine, the moist paper picks up just a little of the purple dye, to make the image on the copy paper.

If you moistened the master as suggested in the main article, you would smear the original and after a few copies, it we be so smuged to be useless. The secret to getting a lot of copies from the master is not to get the paper too damp, just enough to get a readable copy.

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